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Using In-text Citation MLA in-text citation style uses the author’s last name and the page number from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken, for example: (Smith 163). If the source does not use page numbers, do not include a number in the parenthetical citation: (Smith).
Citing Data Sets Using APA Style Author/Rightsholder. (Year). Title of data set (Version number) [Description of form]. Location: Name of producer.
There are two methods of citing sources in your text: Parenthetical citations give a short reference in parentheses directly in the text. Numerical citations give only a number that corresponds to a footnote, endnote, or reference list entry.
Example Citations: Articles
Create a bibliography, citations, and references
Types of in-text citation
Citation style | Disciplines | Type of citation |
---|---|---|
MLA | Humanities | Parenthetical (author-page number) |
APA | Psychology, education, social sciences | Parenthetical (author-date) |
Chicago A | History, humanities | Notes |
Chicago B | Sciences, social sciences, humanities | Parenthetical (author-date) |
For in-text citation, the easiest method is to parenthetically give the author’s last name and the year of publication, e.g., (Clarke 2001), but the exact way you cite will depend on the specific type of style guide you follow.
There are two types of in-text citations that are used within the body of an APA paper to help the reader locate the corresponding reference in the reference list. The two types of in-text citations are parenthetical citations and narrative citations.
IEEE citation style includes in-text citations, numbered in square brackets, which refer to the full citation listed in the reference list at the end of the paper. The reference list is organized numerically, not alphabetically.
The main differences between MLA, APA, and Chicago format are the way the title page, in-text citations, and reference lists are created. MLA uses the author-page number style for in-text citations, while APA uses the author-date citation style. Chicago offers two citation styles: notes-bibliography and author-date.
APA Style
When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
APA is the style of documentation of sources used by the American Psychological Association. This form of writing research papers is used mainly in the social sciences, like psychology, anthropology, sociology, as well as education and other fields.
APA Style provides clarity to papers on often complex topics. It makes papers easier to read and understand. When sources are cited the same way each time and the paper is written in a uniform format, it gives it better flow and helps keep the focus on the content of the paper.
Frequent changes in the patterns of the citations cite: Some universities are following the past patterns and any edition is acceptable. But many universities do accept only the latest edition of APA format. This is also one of the reasons which make it difficult for the students to cite the references.
Although it is the standard, there are some aspects of the APA manual that make it difficult to use as a style guide.
Research PaperMost Challenging Aspect of APA formattingThe APA formatting poses various challenges in terms of formatting a research paper, the most challenging aspect of APA formatting is citing and writing the references, it sometimes makes it complex to write the references with multiple authors.
Most of the differences between Chicago (Turabian) and APA Styles involve in-text citations. APA Style also includes the year of publication of the source, but Chicago (Turabian) Style does not. Chicago (Turabian) Style also allows the use of footnotes, rather than in-text citations, to cite your sources.
MLA style provides a format for the manuscript text and parenthetical citations, or in-text citations. It also provides the framework for the works cited area for references at the end of the essay. MLA style emphasizes brevity and clarity.
Using In-text Citations When citing sources in the body of your paper, list the author’s last name only (no initials) and the year the information was published. If you use a direct quote, add the page number to your citation, like this: (Dodge, 2008, p. 125).
Include information in the following order:
Citing or documenting information sources is an important part of the research process. Once your research paper is complete it will be necessary to create a Bibliography or List of Works Cited. To cite a source means to give credit for the original source of information, an idea, or way of articulating an idea.