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Nevertheless, all countries are characterized by the fact that the purpose of civil service, regardless of the political situation and changes of governments, is to ensure efficient, professional, transparent, and politically neutral implementation of the objectives of the state.
– Unintended consequences: Politicians had to find money elsewhere and thus turned to corporations. This meant that they were no longer pushing immigrants and mobilizing voters, but instead were seeking money from “marriages of convenience” with big corporate leaders.
What is the Civil Service Commission? Charged with enforcing the elements of the law. The CSC, as created by the Pendleton Act, was to be made up of three commissioners, only two of whom could be from the same political party.
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was passed to regulate and improve the civil service of the United States. The purpose of the Pendleton Act was to break the Spoils System which had become the ‘custom and practice’ of presidential administrations.
The Act was passed into law in January 1883; it was sponsored by Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio. It was drafted by Dorman Bridgman Eaton, a leading reformer who became the first chairman of the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Its most famous commissioner was Theodore Roosevelt (1889–95).
The functions of the Civil Service Commission are split between 2 agencies: The Office of Personnel Management administers civil service laws, rules, and regulations; The Merit Systems Protection Board protects the integrity of the federal merit system and the rights of federal employees.
Civil service reform in the United States was a major national issue in the late 1800s and a major state issue in the early 1900s. President Rutherford B. Hayes took office determined to reform the system of civil service appointments, which had been based on the spoils system since Andrew Jackson was president.